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High Grown Arabica Coffee Beans
Arabica coffee beans are distinguished by a distinctive flavor. Arabica is more susceptible to disease and pests than its low-elevation cousin Robusta.
The high-grown arabica variety is the one sought-after by specialty roasters and high-end coffee shops. What makes this coffee so special? Scientists have identified the reason: altitude.
High Altitudes
With a rich history that spans from Ethiopia and Yemen to lower Africa the coffee has made its way into the hearts of many, making up a large portion of the world's production today. While low-elevation coffees are commercially viable and comprise the instant coffee you can find in your local supermarkets, true coffee enthusiasts prefer specialty arabicas grown at high altitudes for a more complex taste profile.
The mountainous regions in the world's most renowned coffee producing countries, like Central and South America, Southern Asia, some Pacific Islands and mid-to-southern Africa provide the ideal conditions for the cultivation of high-quality arabica beans. These high-elevation climatic conditions are frost-free and provide a mild climate with an average annual temperature of 64 and 73 degrees Fahrenheit.
Cool mountain temperatures slow down the growth cycle of the coffee plant and allow for a longer maturation process. This allows the coffee beans to absorb different flavors from their surrounding environment and impart them with distinctive characteristics. The longer maturation period helps prevent the coffee bean borer, which is a small beetle that feeds on the beans. It also helps keep out the coffee leaf miner, a moth which blocks photosynthesis and can reduce productivity.
Combining these elements creates an enhanced flavor profile and taste when compared to coffees that are grown at lower elevations. Coffee grown higher up has higher levels of sweet flavors such as citrus, fruit and vanilla. It's also more astringent and smoother than coffee grown lower. The bean's consistency, sweetness and richness of flavor make it the top bean for roasters seeking to produce an exceptionally premium blend arabica coffee beans cup of joe.
High-grown arabica is often referred to as strictly high-grown (SHG) or strictly hard bean (SHB), meaning that the coffee is grown at a higher altitude than 4000 feet. Typically the beans are cultivated on volcanic soils and are organically grown or shade grown arabica coffee beans-grown, adding to their already amazing flavor characteristics. Since these beans develop and mature more slowly than those grown at lower elevations, they tend to be heavier, resulting in a stronger coffee with a more pronounced and consistent flavor. This unique characteristic makes SHG or SHB arabica the coffee of choice for roasters that want to make a cup of coffee that is exceptional.
Cool Climate
The tropical zone that spans the tropical regions of Cancer and Capricorn, known as the coffee belt, is the most prestigious of coffee growing regions. High grown arabica coffee beans are produced in these mountainous regions where the cool climate and high altitudes provide the perfect conditions for the plant to flourish.
Arabica plants can withstand a variety of conditions of climate, but their optimal growth is found in subtropical zones with cool nights and warm days. This unique climate permits the plant to create complex flavors that convey freedom. These flavors are what makes coffee so special.
While the low-elevation varieties of coffee that line the instant coffee aisles at your local supermarket can grow quickly, aficionados and experts alike recognize that these varieties are more bitter and less flavorful than specialty coffee beans produced at higher altitudes. In reality, the majority of the coffee consumed around the world is high-elevation coffee.
The best arabica coffee beans tend to be grown between 3000 and 6,500 feet above sea level. The combination of high altitude, cool climate, and fertile soil is the reason these beans are unique and delicious.
Coffee farmers are constantly seeking out the ideal soil conditions for growing high-quality arabica plants. The soil must be rich in humus and have a smooth texture that drains well. This kind of soil is ideal for growing arabica since it encourages the growth of healthy roots as well as helps reduce the risk of the incidence of plant diseases.
In addition to a soil with the right humus content, coffee farms prefer a cool climate with a distinct dry season. These weather patterns permit plants to mature more slow, resulting in a more flavorful and a more dense coffee bean.
Well-Drained Soil
Unlike the low-elevation species that are grown for mass production and lined the aisles of grocery stores the high-quality arabica coffee beans are coveted by aficionados for their complex and exquisite flavor. The coffee trees are sheltered by tall canopy trees and the rich volcanic soil that is nutrient-rich is ideal for the cultivation of these particular beans. The soil is high in nutrients and allows the roots to absorb them, however it drains quickly, so that there are no stagnant puddles.
Arabian coffee plants have a long taproot, as well as small fibrous roots that extend outwards for 3 to 4 feet (0.9-1.2 m). The flowers are tiny, white and fragrant and are known as cherries. The drupes are double-seeded and mature when they are they are purple or red. The arabica plant is self-fertile and requires no cross pollination to produce fruit.
The cooler climate at higher elevations slows down the growth cycle of the coffee plant and allows it to mature at a slower rate. This allows the beans to develop more intense flavors. This results in a cup that is more affluent and complex, and has a more intense flavor than coffees that are grown at lower altitudes.
At these higher altitudes, temperatures are cooler, and the air more humid. The cool weather is perfect for the sensitive coffee plant's growth, and helps in preventing the spread of diseases and pests that affect lower elevation crops.
Because of the unique conditions of the soil and climate high-altitude coffee farms can produce far more beans than low-elevation farms. This is why you will often find these superior beans in specialty cafes and premium coffee roasters.
If you are planning to grow your own Arabica plant, ensure that you be aware of the particular requirements of this plant and use a mix of soil that is compatible with these requirements. Avoid commercial mixes that contain excessive ingredients that could prevent the roots of your plant from developing. Organic matter such as compost or other can be added to the soil to improve the retention of water, but without creating a cement-like texture. Water your plant only when the soil is dry to the feel. Avoid over- or underwatering which could cause root rot.
Unique Flavors
The distinctive flavor profile of arabica beans makes them highly sought-after. They are richer and more sophisticated than other coffees that have notes of chocolate, caramel fruits, and flowers. The careful cultivation and roasting of the beans gives a smoother and sweeter taste. They also have less acidity and caffeine than other varieties, making them less bitter and more enjoyable to drink.
Arabica beans are grown in mountainous regions of the world that are part the Coffee Belt. The Coffee Belt is a tropical band that extends 30 degrees north or south of the Equator. The best place to buy arabica coffee beans beans are grown in this region. The coffee plants are grown in volcanic and other nutrient-rich soils. They produce small fruit, which are referred to as coffee cherries.
These cherries have two seeds inside them. As the seeds mature, they are separated from their fleshy outer layer and roasted to make coffee. Arabica beans are considered to be a premium coffee bean due to the fact that they are more expensive and possess a a richer flavor.
The high altitudes at which direct trade arabica coffee beans beans are grown is among the primary factors that influence their taste and quality. The cool climate, the fertile volcanic soils and the cooler climate makes arabica beans taste more delicious than those grown lower in elevation. Higher altitudes also have a positive impact on the maturation process of coffee beans. The cooler temperatures slow down the growth of the beans, which gives them the chance to mature.
Each region has its own distinct flavor and characteristic. For example arabica beans originate from Central America tend to have a balanced composition and a light body, while those from Ethiopia and Kenya are popular for their savory sweet flavors. Each region and country has a different soil type and that is why every bean has a unique flavor. Some soils hold water well and result in a full chocolatey flavor, while others have a sandy texture that makes the coffee taste less sweet.